This was the standard French Infantry Officer's Sword in use from 1845 to the 1850s. It was superceded by the French Model 1845/55.
The French Model 1845 was the sword tested and used as the pattern for the US Model 1850 Staff & Field Officer's Sword (aka Mounted Officer's Sword). Other similar US Regulation swords are the US Model 1850 "Foot" Officer's Sword and the Model 1852 Navy Officer's Sword.

This particular example was manufactured at the French arsenal of Chatellerault.

It has a brass hilt with a shagreen grip (shagreen is a granular reversed leather or skin from an animal such as seal or shark, similar to suede); this is bound by a "twisted-brass" wire wrap.
On French swords, the ricasso is generally stamped with the mark of the Director, the Controller and the Reviser of the arsenal; this is especially true with swords manufactured at the Klingenthal arsenal in France. On trooper swords these marks are found on the guard as well.