This is a very common style saber, normally associated with mounted "horsemen." This example has a very pronounced curve; they are very useless as thrusting weapon and are generally accepted as a slashing weapon.
The Persian and Turkish saber versions are referred to as scimitars while the Indo-Persian saber versions are referred to as shamshirs, and Indian versions are called tulwars. Turkish examples are readily identified by the large pommel knob.
This example could be from either region as both used a similar "pistol-grip" or "marmeluke" hilt design; the blade is of the Turkish wootz variety.
The most notable feature - other than the grip - is the crossguard; it is shaped in the form of a cross or 4-pointed star, in which the upward pointing langets extend into the hilt, the lower langets extend over the throat of the scabbard.

It should be noted that British and US, Navy and Marine Officers used a very similar sword; additionally, US Militia Infantry Officers used a similar sword in the early to mid-1800s, but with a straight blade.